According to the orbital elements of the model should be a group are characterized by an electronic configuration with five electrons in the valence shell, which is why in previous conventions this group was called before VA, then 5A.
Nitrogen and phosphorus are not metals, arsenic, with very similar properties to phosphorus, is a metalloid, antimony and bismuth metals. The most common oxidation numbers for this group are ± 3, ± 5; exception is nitrogen, which also offers ± 1, ± 2, ± 4.
Nitrogen is a chemical element with atomic number 7. Its symbol is N (from the Latin Nitrogenum). Nitrogen is the main component of the organic molecules important in terms of biochemical (DNA, proteins, vitamins), as well as extremely popular and important inorganic compounds such as ammonia and nitric acid. The molecular nitrogen (N2, consisting of two nitrogen atoms) is a colorless, odorless, tasteless and inert, which accounts for 78% of Earth's atmosphere (this is the most common gas in the air). Nitrogen is the fifth most abundant element in the universe, the 19th Earth's crust, which is 0.03% and the fourth in the human body, which is 3%.
Phosphorus is a chemical element with atomic number 15 and symbol P.È a non-metal group nitrogen. Phosphorus is not found in nature at its most elementary, but in the form of phosphate (salt of phosphoric acid), is abundant in rocks and in living cells, whose metabolism is an essential component. The main industrial use of phosphorus in fertilizer production. It is also used in the production of explosives, matches, fireworks, pesticides, toothpaste and detergents. Phosphorus appears as a white waxy solid with a characteristic unpleasant garlic odor, and when is very pure and transparent. It is insoluble in water and soluble in organic solvents, such as carbon disulfide. Upon contact with air burns spontaneously forming phosphorus pentoxide, P2O5.
Arsenic is a chemical element with atomic number 33. Its symbol is eg rotary is a semi-metal that comes in three different allotropic forms: yellow, black and gray. Pure arsenic is not poisonous, but they are all compounds that are used as pesticides, herbicides and insecticides.
antimony and a chemical element with atomic number 51. Has the symbol Sb, from the Latin meaning stibium stick. It is a semi-metal that comes in four different allotropes. The stable form has a metallic bluish-white, unstable forms have yellow or black. It is used as an agent and flame retardant to produce paints, enamels, ceramics and rubber, and a wide range of metal alloys. As a semi-metal, antimony has the look of a metal, but does not have the typical physical and chemical behavior. In its elemental form is a white solid bluish-silver hues that have low electrical and thermal conductivity and that sublimates at relatively low temperatures. Reacts with oxidizing acids and halogens. Antimony and its alloys expand on cooling.
Bismuth is a chemical element with atomic number 83. Its symbol is Bi. It is a heavy metal and fragile-looking white-rose whose chemical behavior is similar to that of arsenic and antimony. It is the most diamagnetic of metals and, with the exception of mercury, the one with the lowest thermal conductivity. It is a brittle metal with a white color with pink and iridescent. It is the heaviest of the so-called "heavy metals" and is the only one of them not to be toxic. It is the metal that has the highest resistivity.
On heating in air may ignite and burn with blue flame, producing fumes yellow oxide of bismuth.
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